Name servers are the heart of the internet. They can be compared to the "telephone operator" from the good old days. They ensure that when you enter a website address such as "https://thismatters.agency," you actually end up on the right page.
They translate domain names that are easy for humans to remember into IP addresses that are commonly used by computers and networks. In this article, we explain exactly what name servers are, how they work, and how they differ from DNS entries. We also show you how to use and manage name servers.
Basic functions of a name server
A name server has two basic functions:
1. Conversion of domain names into IP addresses
The primary task is to convert domain names into IP addresses used by computers and networks. This process is known as DNS resolution. For example, when you visit a website such as "this:matters.agency," your computer sends a request to a name server to obtain the corresponding IP address.
Management of DNS entries
Name servers manage DNS entries for the domains assigned to them. These entries contain important information such as the address of the server hosting the website (A record), mail server addresses (MX record), and aliases for domain names (CNAME record).
How the DNS system works
The DNS hierarchy begins with the so-called root name servers at the top. These forward requests to the corresponding top-level domain name servers (TLDs such as .com, .org, .net), which then forward the request to the name servers responsible for the specific domain. At the bottom of the DNS hierarchy are the domain servers, where the actual content of the websites is stored.
Primary and secondary name servers
Within the DNS system, there are primary and secondary name servers. The primary name server holds the original and authoritative data for a domain, while the secondary servers serve as a backup and improve access speed and reliability by replicating the primary server's data.
Distributed database
The DNS system functions like a distributed database. It enables requests from different locations to be answered quickly, as the information is distributed across many servers worldwide.
Role of DNS servers
DNS servers play a crucial role in navigating the internet. They are responsible for ensuring that your requests are directed to the correct web servers. Without DNS servers, users would have to know and enter the IP addresses of websites, which would be impractical and prone to errors.
Ensuring Internet security
DNS servers also contribute to Internet security. They can be configured to block requests to known malicious websites, helping to protect users from phishing attacks and malware. One service known for this is Cloudflare, which is used by all of our customers.
Overall, name servers, as an essential component of the DNS system, are indispensable for the smooth functioning of the Internet. They enable simple and efficient navigation on the web by converting user-friendly domain names into the necessary technical IP addresses.
Differences between name servers and DNS entries
For a better understanding, we will briefly explain the difference between a name server and a DNS entry.
Name server: The administrator of the entries
While DNS entries contain the specific information for a domain, the nameserver is responsible for managing and responding to queries about these entries. It acts as a kind of intermediary between a user's query and the specific DNS entries for a domain.
Organization of the DNS system
Name servers are an integral part of the DNS system and ensure its efficient functioning. They ensure that queries are correctly forwarded to the appropriate servers.
DNS entry: The specific information
Details of a domain
A DNS entry (also known as a DNS record ) contains specific information about a domain. These entries provide details such as the IP address of the domain (A record), information about the email server (MX record), or alias names for the domain (CNAME record).
Different types of entries
There are different types of DNS entries, each providing different functions and information. This variety allows for flexible and detailed configuration of domain settings.
How are name servers used?
Using them is a crucial step in making a website accessible on the internet. They are the link between a domain and a global network. Correctly configuring the name servers ensures that the domain is accessible at all times and that the underlying services, such as email and websites, function smoothly:
Selection and setup
- Choice when registering a domain:
When registering a domain, you select the name servers that are to be responsible for your domain. These are often the name servers of the domain registrar or hosting provider.
- Configuration:
After making your selection, configure your name servers by specifying the appropriate DNS entries. This includes assigning IP addresses, mail servers, and other necessary settings.
Ongoing administration
- Changes and updates:
You can change the configuration of the DNS entries at any time, for example, to switch to a new hosting provider or add additional services.
- Reliability and performance:
By using multiple name servers (primary and secondary), you can improve the reliability and speed of DNS resolution.
DNS management via the name servers
DNS management of records via name servers is an essential aspect of maintaining and securing an online presence. It allows you to retain control over how a domain functions on the internet. Many companies now rely on Cloudflare for DNS management, and this:matters is also a proud Cloudflare partner.
Centralized management of DNS entries (DNS server)
- Control via an interface:
Modern name servers offer user-friendly interfaces that allow you to centrally manage all DNS entries on a DNS server for your domain. This includes creating, modifying, and deleting DNS entries.
Safety and efficiency
- Security measures:
Many name servers offer advanced security features, such as DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions), to ensure the authenticity of DNS responses and protect against certain types of attacks. - Respond efficiently to changes:
Centralized management allows you to respond quickly to changes in your infrastructure, such as when you move your website to a different server.
Adaptation to specific needs
- Flexible configuration options:
Depending on your specific requirements, you can configure different types of DNS entries to optimize your online presence. - Support from providers:
Many hosting providers and DNS services offer comprehensive support and assistance with managing your nameserver settings.
Overall, managing DNS via name servers enables flexible, secure, and efficient control of your online presence. It is an essential part of website management and should be carried out carefully to ensure optimal performance and security.
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